vol.12 (2016)

1. Inwazje roślinne – podstawy ekologiczne, modelowanie i zapobieganie. TOMASZ H. SZYMURA, MAGDALENA SZYMURA

Plant invasions – ecological background, modelling and management
Abstract:Plant invasions are considered as an enormously complex process, nonetheless, they can be understand using simplified models. In Polish scientific literature articles linking theoretical background of ecology of plant invasion with the practical approach are relatively scarce. It results in a lack of Polish nomenclature concerning ecology of invasion. We present essential concepts of invasion ecology as: invasion level, range infilling, invasibility, propagule pressure. Mechanism driving distribution of invasive plant species, including landscape level, and environmental variables used for modelling of plant invasions were described. Foundations of biological invasion management and post-invasion ecosystem restoration were also reviewed.
Key words: biological invasions, habitat restoration, invasion modeling, landscape ecology, plant invasion, theoretical framework

2. Rozmieszczenie wybranych obcych gatunków roślin na Morasku (północna część Poznania oraz południowa część gminy Suchy Las). MACIEJ NOWAK, MICHAŁ ANTKOWIAK, MARIUSZ MEISSNER, MICHAŁ KOLASA

Distribution of selected invasive plant species in the Morasko (northern part of Poznań and southern part of Suchy Las community)
Abstract: Abstract: The phenomenon of the spread of invasive alien plants is a serious threat to the maintenance of biodiversity. Attempts to mapping these species provide the ability to accurately know their patterns of distribution, locate potentially affected sites and construct effective methods to prevent the spread of species. The main goal of our study was to present the distribution of invasive plants using Geographical Information System (GIS). The study area was the northern part of the city of Poznań (Morasko district) and concerned 20 invasive alien plant species. This paper presents the species distribution using the GIS/GPS tools and based on the UTM grid system (field survey, spatial analysis, cartogram visualizations).
Key words: invasive plants, kenophytes, species distribution, GIS, Poznań

3. Występowanie i status cyklamena purpurowego Cyclamen purpurascens Mill. w Polsce. EWA SZCZĘŚNIAK

Occurrence and status of purple cyclamen Cyclamen purpurascens Mill. in Poland
Abstract: Abstract: Cyclamen purpurascens Mill. is a European species of alpine-illyrian distribution type. In Poland, there were recorded 8 sites of the species, 7 of them only once and 3 of them are known to be sown. 6 sites were located in Lower Silesia, including the only repeatedly confirmed and still existing site. All of them are situated out of northern boundary of the species range. Origin of Polish sites and status of the species is ambiguous. According to some botanists it was introduced and included into list of alien species. Others consider the species native and include it into the Polish Red Data Book of Plants and list of species protected by low. Taking into account lack of possibilities of natural migration, the dates of the first information about sites in Poland, comments to Lover Silesian stands published by German botanists before 1945 and dynamic of the only still existing population the species should be considered as alien element of the Polish flora.
Key words: Cyclamen purpurascens, endangered species, introduced species, Lower Silesia, red list; Sudety Mts.

4. Charakterystyka populacji widłaków występujących wzdłuż dróg leśnych w Beskidzie Śląskim. ANNA ŚLIWIŃSKA-WYRZYCHOWSKA

Characterization of Lycopodium populations along the forest roads in the Silesian Beskids
Abstract: Abstract: The aim of the study was to characterize the population of two clubmoss species: Lycopodium clavatum and Lycopodium annotinum occurring along forest roads in four forest divisions in the Silesian Beskids. In the area of the study, 15 stands of clubmosses were found, including 11 patches of L. clavatum and 4 patches of L. annotinum. he size of the patches was similar to that reported in other parts of Poland: 4 patches had an area less than 1 m², 7 patches ranged from 1 m² to 20 m², the size of 2 patches was between 20 and 30 m², and 2 patches were larger than 30 m². In all the stands examined, the growth of clubmosses shoots was observed and in the majority of patches lycopods produced the strobili. No symptoms of the disease or parasite presence were observed in studied populations. Similarly, no geographically foreign or invasive species were found in the stands of clubmosses.
Key words: Lycopodium annotinum, Lycopodium clavatum, Beskid Śląski, ochrona przyrody

5. Różnorodność gatunkowa mszaków rezerwatu leśnego „Chwaniów” (Góry Sanocko-Turczańskie, Karpaty Wschodnie). ADAM STEBEL, ROBERT ZUBEL, GRZEGORZ VONČINA, EWA FUDALI, SYLWIA WIERZCHOLSKA, MONIKA STANIASZEK-KIK, BARBARA FOJCIK, ANNA RUSIŃS

Bryophyte species diversity of the ‘Chwaniów’ nature reserve (Sanocko-Turczańskie Mountains, Eastern Carpathians)
Abstract: Abstract: Abstract: In the year 2015 bryological investigations were carried out in the ‘Chwaniów’ nature reserve, located in the Sanocko-Turczańskie Mountains. The reserve was established in 1996 for protection of a large part of old Carpathian beech forest Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum lunarietosum and covers an area of 354.71 ha. Totally, 133 species and 3 variety and 1 form of bryophytes were found here, including many rare and threatened in Poland species, for example Anomodon longifolius, Dicranum viride, Harpanthus scutatus, Neckera pennata and Zygodon rupestris.In the bryoflora of the reserve 4 species strictly protected in Poland, 25 partly protected, 3 threatened in Europe and 10 threatened in Poland exist. Majority of bryoflora is connected with trees (bark, rotten wood), what emphasizes its primeval forest nature.
Key words: biodiversity, mosses, liverworts, distribution, threatened species, Carpathians, Poland

6. Porosty epifityczne parku przypałacowego w Łężanach (NE Polska). DARIUSZ KUBIAK, PAULINA NOWAKOWSKA

Epiphytic lichens of the manor park in Łężany (NE Poland)
Abstract: Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the species diversity of epiphytic lichens in the manor park in Łężany (NE Poland). In total, 87 species have been recorded. The highest diversity of lichens was noted on the bark of Fraxinus (53), Acer (48) and Tilia (38 species). he attached list of identified taxa comprises six species protected in Poland, including two species under strict and four species under partial protection. 28 species are on the red list of threatened lichens in Poland, including 17 under a high-risk category (CR+EN+VU). Sclerophora farinacea, critically endangered species that has been previously knownfrom only very few localities in the country are discussed in detail.
Key words: lichenized fungi, epiphytes, threatened species, old-growth stand, ecological continuity

7. Flora mniszków (Taraxacum, Asteraceae) Dolnego Śląska. ZYGMUNT GŁOWACKI

Taraxacum flora from Lower Silesia
Abstract: Abstract: In this paper, localities of Taraxacum species in Lower Silesia are presented. The results were obtained on the basis of field studies carried out by the author and on the basis of the literature and revision of herbarium specimens. In total 202 Taraxacum species are listed in the article including 110 taxa new to Lower Silesia. Within the latter group there are 47 species new to Poland.
Key words: Taraxacum, microspecies, localities, Poland, Lower Silesia

vol.11 (2015)

1. Podstawy teorii metazbiorowisk roślinnych. TOMASZ H. SZYMURA, MAGDALENA SZYMURA
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Foundations of the metacommunities theory
Abstract: The metacommunity theory links neutral processes, species sorting paradigm and spatial structures as factors shaping species composition of plant communities. Metacommunity is defined as a set of local communities that are linked by dispersal of multiple, potentially interacting species. Fundamental processes influencing metacommunites are: a) patches dynamics, b) species sorting, c) spatial mass effect and d) neutral processes. The metacommunity theory describes processes occurring in metacommunites and shows a novel way of thinking about species interactions. It allows to explain changes in metacommunity structure in multiple spatial scales, as well as changes occurring in time. Apart from purely theoretical meaning, the metacommunity theory also enables more effective planning and implementation of biological conservations.
Key words: biological conservation, ecological niche, landscape ecology, migration, neutral theory, ordination, plant communities

2. Kserofilne zbiorowiska murawowe terasy łęgowej w dolinie dolnego Sanu. RAFAŁ KRAWCZYK
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Xeric grasslands communities of the lower San river floodplain
Abstract: Based on 80 relevés collected in 2006.2008 classification and characteristics of xeric grasslands communities developing on the floodplain of San River were presented. The following communities in the rank of association were distinguished: Spergulo vernalis-Corynephoretum, Festuco rubrae-Equisetetum ramosissimi, Sileno otitis-Festucetum trachyphyllae, Sclerantho-Herniarietum glabrae and Bromus erectus community. Moreover four other unclassified communities were documented.
Key words: xeric grasslands, plant communities, floodplain, San River, SE Poland

3. Występowanie pływaczy (Utricularia sp., Lentibulariaceae) i zbiorowiska roślinne z ich udziałem w województwie dolnośląskim. PRZEMYSŁAW ŻELAZKO, MICHAŁ ŚLIWIŃSKI, ANNA JAKUBSKA-BUSSE
(pobierz PDF)

The occurrence of bladderworts (Utricularia sp., Lentibulariaceae) in plant communities of Dolnośląskie Province
Abstract: The genus Utricularia is recognized as a taxon rarely found in natural habitats. For the time being, there are 143 localities of six species of Utricularia known in Dolnośląskie Province. The list of Utricularia localities presented in this paper was based on data published during the years 1857-2008 and unpublished information from 2004-2015. Various communities with the examined species in Poland indicate that they grow in habitats of similar conditions – in Dolnośląskie Province they are mostly found in vegetation of Potametea and Lemnetea, but also Scheuchzerio-Caricetea and Phragmitetea. The typical Utricularietea intermediorepentis patches with Utricularia were not found up to date in Dolnośląskie Province. Irrespective of that no actions aiming at practical protection of the Utricularia habitats are taken. The possible cause of the disappearance of the rare Utricularia species in Dolnośląskie Province is a small number of dystrophic water bodies on peat substrates. However, the current assessment of species of the genus Utricularia may not be fully appropriate due to the lack of accurate taxonomic analyzes of the populations.
Key words: bladderworts, Utricularia, distribution, plant communities, Dolnośląskie Province

4. Rośliny chronione i zagrożone we florze rezerwatu „Cisy w Hucie Starej” (województwo śląskie). KATARZYNA KOWALIK, BARBARA BACLER-ŻBIKOWSKA, ADAM STEBEL
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Protected and threatened plants in the flora of the “Cisy w Hucie Starej” nature reserve (Silesian Voivodeship)
Abstract: In the years 2013-2014 botanical investigations were carried out in the “Cisy w Hucie Starej” nature reserve, located near the Huta Szklana village on the Woźniki-Wieluń Upland in Southern Poland. As a result, the occurrence of 240 plant species, including 65 bryophytes, 8 pteridophytes, 5 gymnosperms and 162 angiosperms were noted. Noteworthy are 20 protected (e.g. Plagiochila asplenioides (L. emend. Taylor) Dumort., Ulota crispa (Hedw.) Brid., Lycopodium annotinum L. and Daphne mezereum L.) and 4 threatened (e.g. Orthotrichum patens Brid. And Taxus baccata L.) species.
Key words: bryophytes, vascular plants, nature reserves, Woźniki-Wieluń Upland, Silesia Voivodeship, Poland

5. Porosty, mchy i wątrobowce występujące na martwych świerkach Picea abies w reglu górnym Śląskiego Grzbietu (Karkonoski PN). ALEKSANDRA MACHOWSKA
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Lichens, mosses and liverworts occurring on decaying wood of spruces Picea abies in the upper forest belt in the Silesian Ridge (Karkonoski National Park, Poland)
Abstract: This paper presents results of the research carried out in the upper forest belt in the Silesian Ridge (Karkonoski National Park, Poland). Epixylic organisms, including lichens, mosses and liverworts were noted from the dead spruces. In total 62 taxa were recorded (28 lichens, 21 mosses and 13 liverworts). The richest in species were the following genera: Cladonia (lichens) and Lophozia (liverworts). The most common species were Cladonia digitata and Parmeliopsis ambigua (lichens). In the studied area 3 rare and endangered lichens were observed (Cladonia bellidiflora, Hypogymnia farinaceaand Parmeliopsis hyperopta) and one liverwort species – Cephalozia lacinulata.
Key words: decaying wood, epixylic organisms, Karkonoski National Park, Silesian Ridge, spruce, wood

6. Materiały do rozmieszczenia porostów naskalnych w Karkonoszach. IV. Pogórze Karkonoskie: skałki na zboczu Grabowca. MARIA KOSSOWSKA
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Materials to the distribution of saxicolous lichens in the Karkonosze Mts. IV. Pogórze Karkonoskie Foothills: rocks on the slope of Grabowiec Mt
Abstract: This paper presents a list of 35 lichen species found on granite rock formation in lower part of the Karkonosze Mts (the Pogórze Karkonoskie Foothills). Four of them, Montanelia disjuncta, Psilolechia lucida, Sagedia simoënsisand Tephromela grumosa, are discussed in detail as new for the Polish part of the range.
Key words: epilithic lichens, biodiversity, Karkonosze Mts

7. Materiały do rozmieszczenia porostów w Parku Krajobrazowym Gór Sowich. KATARZYNA SZCZEPAŃSKA
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Materials to the distribution of lichens in the Góry Sowie Landscape Park
Abstract: This paper presents the preliminary results of the lichenological research conducted in 2010 in the Góry Sowie Landscape Park, in the Central Sudety Mts. In the study area, 119 species of lichen-forming fungi, on the 24 designated locations, were found. Among them, 52 were growing on the trees, 30 on the natural rocks, 10 on the anthropogenic, calcareous rocky substrates, 9 on the soil, 2 on the wood and 16 on various kinds of substrata. Some of the recorded species (e.g. Chaenotheca xyloxena, Bacidia subincompta, Bryoria fuscescens, Parmelia submontana, Parmelina tiliacea, Usnea subfloridana) are endangered in Poland. In addition, the article provides a list of 53 lichen taxa, recorded in the Góry Sowie Mts, in historical or previously published papers. Among the reported lichens, there were several very rare and critically endangered species in Poland (Bryoria bicolor, Evernia mesomorpha, Nephroma resupinatum andSphaerophorus globosus).
Key words: lichen-forming fungi, species diversity, distribution, Sudety Mts, Poland

8. Biota porostów rezerwatów przyrody uroczyska „Pępowo” (SW Wielkopolska). DARIUSZ KUBIAK, ANNA BIEDUNKIEWICZ
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The lichen biota of nature reserves in the “Pępowo” forest complex (SW Wielkopolska region)
Abstract: A description of the lichen biota of three nature reserves “Bodzewko”, “Czerwona Róża” and “Pępowo” in the “Pępowo” forest complex (SW Poland) is presented. The reserves were established in 1958-1959 in order to protect natural forest communities (particularly oak-hornbeam forests). In total 41 species are listed, of them 14 are recorded from “Bodzewko”, 21 from “Czerwona Róża” and 36 from “Pępowo” reserve. As a result of the research several noteworthy species were recorded, e.g.: Bacidina chloroticula, B. sulphurella, Candelariella efflorescens and Micarea viridileprosa.
Key words: lichens, distribution, nature reserve, SW Poland

9. Nowe stanowiska rzadkich gatunków wiesiołków (Oenothera L.) na Dolnym Śląsku. MONIKA WOŹNIAK-CHODACKA
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New localities of rare species of evening primroses (Oenothera L.) in Lower Silesia
Abstract: New localities of some rare Oenothera species were found in Lower Silesia (SW Poland). Oenothera casimiri Rostański is reported for the first time in the flora of Wrocław and Wałbrzych and the first site of Oenothera parviflora L. was noted in Karpacz. Oenothera flaemingina Hudziok: a new species for Lower Silesia was observed also in Wrocław. The short history of research and the list of all Oenothera species observed in this region are given.
Key words: Lower Silesia, Oenothera, Oenothera casimiri, Oenothera flaemingina, Oenothera parviflora, Onagraceae

10. Występowanie Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Poaceae) na Dolnym Śląsku. EWA SZCZĘŚNIAK
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Occurrence of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Poaceae) in Lower Silesia
Abstract: Cynodon dactylon is a perennial grass of high temperature requirement and high drought resistance. It is thought to be native to tropical areas of Eurasia and Africa. In Poland, it is classified as an ephemerophyte and observed ca. 34 times. In Lower Silesia, the species was reported only from Wrocław; 7 sites were noted before 1945, 1 in 1960. In 2008 and 2011 two new sites were observed, both in Wrocław. One plant grew on trotuar in trampled plant community Eragrostio-Polygonetum, the second was a single plant on parking near supermarket. Specimens disappeared in years of the first observation and the species was not observed in next years.
Key words: alien species, ephemerophytes

11. Fiołek rogaty Viola cornuta L. (Violaceae) – neofit zadomowiony w Górach Izerskich. EWA SZCZĘŚNIAK, JOANNA POTOCKA
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Fiołek rogaty Viola cornuta L. (Violaceae) – neophyte established in the Izerskie Mts
Abstract: Viola cornuta is an endemic species of the Pyrenees and Cordillera Cantabrica. It was introduced into other parts of Europe as an ornamental plant and naturalized in several European mountain ranges. In Poland, the species was sporadically cultivated probably since 18/19th century. First naturalized Polish population was found in meadows near remnants of the Orle settlement in the Izerskie Mts (SW Poland). The population is stable, occupies area of 300 m2 and consists of ca. 50 000 stems. Estimation of number of plants is impossible due to intensive vegetative reproduction by stolones. The species occurs in mountain meadows of the Polygono-Trisetion alliance and Nardus-grasslands of the Nardion alliance. No negative influences on native species or plant communities have been observed.
Key words: alien species, neophytes, cultivation relicts, mountain meadows, Sudetes

12. Dryopteris affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk. s. str. i D. pseudodisjuncta (Tavel ex Fraser-Jenk.) Fraser-Jenk. – nowe gatunki we florz. DARIUSZ TLAŁKA
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Abstrakt
Dryopteris affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk. s. str.i D. pseudodisjuncta (Tavel ex Fraser-Jenk.) Fraser-Jenk. – new species in the flora of Poland
Abstract: Dryopteris affinis group is highly geneticly and morphologically differentiated. Currently 8 species with subspecies and hybrids are distinguished. During the field inventory focused on ferns of Dryopteris affinis group in the Beskid Mały, two new species to the flora of Poland were found: D. affinis s. str. i D. pseudodisjuncta. Analysis of the morphological characteristics of specimens of Dryopteris affiniss. str. allowed to include them to the subspecies D. affinis subsp. jessenii. This taxon was found at one locality in the Beskid Mały while D. pseudodisjuncta was found at 10 localities (including three with about 70, 250 and 300 individuals). Most of the localities (with the exception of three) are highly endangered due to the small number of individuals, proximity of paths and buildings and nearby felling of trees. D. affinis subsp. jessenii and D. pseudodisjuncta were not recorded in Poland, beacuse they were not recognised in the field.
Key words: Dryopteris affiniss. str., Dryopteris affinis subsp. jessenii, Dryopteris pseudodisjuncta, Beskid Mały, Southern Poland